{"id":46047,"date":"2025-12-11T13:58:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T12:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/?post_type=resume-foret-mail&p=46047"},"modified":"2025-12-11T14:19:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T13:19:46","slug":"heterogeneiser-localement-la-flore-en-foret-feuillue-de-plaine-le-blaireau-sen-charge","status":"publish","type":"resume-foret-mail","link":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/resume-foret-mail\/heterogeneiser-localement-la-flore-en-foret-feuillue-de-plaine-le-blaireau-sen-charge\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9iser localement la flore en for\u00eat feuillue de plaine ? Le blaireau s\u2019en charge !"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9tude comparative a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e sur 29 terriers actifs de blaireaux situ\u00e9s dans des ch\u00eanaies-charmaies-h\u00eatraies du Grand Est de la France, avec pour objectif d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019effet du must\u00e9lid\u00e9 sur la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Entre mai et juin 2021-2022, une trentaine d\u2019inventaires floristiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur 200 m\u00b2 autour de chaque terrier, de m\u00eame que dans des zones non perturb\u00e9es situ\u00e9es \u00e0 moins de 100 m\u00e8tres des terriers actifs. Le recouvrement des strates v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et l’abondance des esp\u00e8ces herbac\u00e9es y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les principaux r\u00e9sultats indiquent que l’activit\u00e9 du blaireau modifie significativement l’h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 floristique locale. Les terriers pr\u00e9sentent une richesse sp\u00e9cifique globale sup\u00e9rieure, mais un couvert herbac\u00e9 2,5 fois moins important que dans les zones t\u00e9moins. La communaut\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale y est globalement plus eutrophe et nitrophile. Sur les sols limoneux et argileux, les analyses r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une meilleure disponibilit\u00e9 en azote et des pH plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur les terriers. Les esp\u00e8ces favoris\u00e9es sur les terriers sont principalement des esp\u00e8ces rud\u00e9rales, dispers\u00e9es par \u00e9pizoochorie (36 %) ou endozoochorie (18 %), et tol\u00e9rant des perturbations de sol importantes. Ce sont par exemple Festuca gigantea<\/em>, Poa nemoralis<\/em>, Sambucus nigra<\/em> et Stellaria media<\/em>. \u00c0 l’inverse, certaines esp\u00e8ces foresti\u00e8res typiques comme Anemone nemorosa<\/em>, Acer platanoides<\/em> et Quercus petraea<\/em> sont d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es sur les terriers.<\/p>\n

L’activit\u00e9 de terrassement du blaireau peut expliquer ces modifications dans les communaut\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. En remaniant les horizons du sol, le blaireau remonte en effet certains min\u00e9raux des couches profondes vers la surface. Le sol pr\u00e9sente ainsi un pH plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 et une meilleure disponibilit\u00e9 en potassium, calcium, magn\u00e9sium et phosphore notamment. Les passages r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s et le creusement cr\u00e9ent \u00e9galement des zones d\u00e9nud\u00e9es o\u00f9 la comp\u00e9tition intersp\u00e9cifique est moins forte, permettant l’installation d’esp\u00e8ces pionni\u00e8res et rud\u00e9rales qui remplacent les esp\u00e8ces foresti\u00e8res originales. L’apport de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces pourrait aussi s’expliquer par l\u2019activit\u00e9 de ramassage de liti\u00e8re des blaireaux et l’\u00e9pizoochorie, le mammif\u00e8re parcourant de longues distances nocturnes \u00e0 la recherche de nourriture.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9tude comparative a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e sur 29 terriers actifs de blaireaux situ\u00e9s dans des ch\u00eanaies-charmaies-h\u00eatraies du Grand Est de la France, avec pour objectif d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019effet du must\u00e9lid\u00e9 sur la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Entre mai et juin 2021-2022, une trentaine d\u2019inventaires floristiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur 200 m\u00b2 autour de chaque terrier, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":46028,"template":"","categories":[50],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9iser localement la flore en for\u00eat feuillue de plaine ? 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Le blaireau s\u2019en charge ! - For\u00eat.Nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une \u00e9tude comparative a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e sur 29 terriers actifs de blaireaux situ\u00e9s dans des ch\u00eanaies-charmaies-h\u00eatraies du Grand Est de la France, avec pour objectif d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019effet du must\u00e9lid\u00e9 sur la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. 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