{"id":34416,"date":"2021-09-10T11:45:40","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:45:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/resume-foret-mail\/les-arbres-modifient-leur-anatomie-pour-faire-face-aux-secheresses\/"},"modified":"2021-09-10T11:45:40","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:45:40","slug":"les-arbres-modifient-leur-anatomie-pour-faire-face-aux-secheresses","status":"publish","type":"resume-foret-mail","link":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/resume-foret-mail\/les-arbres-modifient-leur-anatomie-pour-faire-face-aux-secheresses\/","title":{"rendered":"Les arbres modifient leur anatomie pour faire face aux s\u00e9cheresses"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tous les forestiers le savent, lorsque l’\u00e9t\u00e9 arrive et que l’eau vient \u00e0 manquer, les for\u00eats commencent \u00e0 souffrir des s\u00e9cheresses. Lorsque la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau est trop faible durant une p\u00e9riode prolong\u00e9e, des d\u00e9t\u00e9riorations importantes se font ressentir sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. Les cons\u00e9quences vont d’une diminution de la croissance \u00e0 des d\u00e9p\u00e9rissements de grande ampleur dans le pire des cas.
\nDes exp\u00e9rimentations grandeur nature ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es en for\u00eat tropicale pour mieux comprendre les effets des s\u00e9cheresses sur les peuplements. Un demi hectare a \u00e9t\u00e9 recouvert d’une b\u00e2che pour intercepter les pr\u00e9cipitations et cr\u00e9er un \u00e9tat de s\u00e9cheresse artificiel. Un peuplement t\u00e9moin, laiss\u00e9 libre et situ\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, a servi de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. L’exp\u00e9rience a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e durant 2 ans.
\nSuite \u00e0 cette s\u00e9cheresse artificielle, l’anatomie des arbres a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e, mais de fa\u00e7on diff\u00e9rente selon les essences. Chez certaines, les vaisseaux servant au transport de l’eau du sol vers les feuilles (s\u00e8ve brute) sont devenus plus \u00e9troits ou moins nombreux. Chez d’autres, les feuilles et les tissus qui forment le bois se sont amincis et sont devenus plus riches en fibres. Ces r\u00e9ponses suite \u00e0 des p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse montrent que, dans une certaine mesure, les arbres s’adaptent aux conditions de croissance. Mesurer l’ampleur de ce comportement d’adaptation pr\u00e9sente un enjeu majeur quand on connait l’impact de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers sur le climat mondial.
\nTng D. Y. P., Apgaua D. M. G., Ishida Y. F., Mencuccini M., Lloyd J., Lauance W. F., Laurance S. G. W. (2018). Rainforest trees respond to drought by modifying their hydraulic architecture. Ecology and Evolution 8, Doi : 10.1002\/ece3.4601<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tous les forestiers le savent, lorsque l’\u00e9t\u00e9 arrive et que l’eau vient \u00e0 manquer, les for\u00eats commencent \u00e0 souffrir des s\u00e9cheresses. Lorsque la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau est trop faible durant une p\u00e9riode prolong\u00e9e, des d\u00e9t\u00e9riorations importantes se font ressentir sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. Les cons\u00e9quences vont d’une diminution de la croissance \u00e0 des d\u00e9p\u00e9rissements de […]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[50],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes arbres modifient leur anatomie pour faire face aux s\u00e9cheresses - For\u00eat.Nature<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/resume-foret-mail\/les-arbres-modifient-leur-anatomie-pour-faire-face-aux-secheresses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les arbres modifient leur anatomie pour faire face aux s\u00e9cheresses - For\u00eat.Nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tous les forestiers le savent, lorsque l’\u00e9t\u00e9 arrive et que l’eau vient \u00e0 manquer, les for\u00eats commencent \u00e0 souffrir des s\u00e9cheresses. Lorsque la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau est trop faible durant une p\u00e9riode prolong\u00e9e, des d\u00e9t\u00e9riorations importantes se font ressentir sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. 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