{"id":34353,"date":"2021-09-10T11:45:26","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/resume-foret-mail\/malaise-le-meleze-du-japon-attaque-quelle-lutte-adopter\/"},"modified":"2021-09-10T11:45:26","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:45:26","slug":"malaise-le-meleze-du-japon-attaque-quelle-lutte-adopter","status":"publish","type":"resume-foret-mail","link":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/resume-foret-mail\/malaise-le-meleze-du-japon-attaque-quelle-lutte-adopter\/","title":{"rendered":"Malaise, le m\u00e9l\u00e8ze du Japon attaqu\u00e9 ! Quelle lutte adopter ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Phytophthora ramorum est l\u2019agent responsable de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie mortelle qui touche les m\u00e9l\u00e8zes du Japon en Irlande et au Royaume-Uni. En Europe, la d\u00e9tection de ce pathog\u00e8ne en p\u00e9pini\u00e8re ou en for\u00eat entra\u00eene des mesures de mises sous quarantaine et de destruction. Les mesures d\u2019\u00e9radication en for\u00eat\u00a0incluent la mise \u00e0 blanc de tous les h\u00f4tes potentiels autour du peuplement porteur, soit 250 m autour de la zone infect\u00e9e. Entre 2010 et 2016, cette mesure a concern\u00e9 18 000 ha de peuplements de m\u00e9l\u00e8zes en Irlande et au Royaume-Uni, mais l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie continue de se r\u00e9pandre. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, aucune \u00e9valuation sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de ces mesures d\u2019\u00e9radication n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e.
\nDans cette \u00e9tude, les chercheurs fournissent des d\u00e9tails concernant la fr\u00e9quence de d\u00e9tection de ce pathog\u00e8ne soit de source a\u00e9rienne (pluies) soit de source terrestre (sol, cours d\u2019eau, v\u00e9g\u00e9taux) dans trois sites en Irlande officiellement attaqu\u00e9s par P. ramorum avant l’\u00e9radication des peuplements concern\u00e9s. Un suivi de six parcelles avec pour chacune des voies de contamination et une gestion de l\u2019\u00e9radication diff\u00e9rentes a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 entre septembre 2013 et 2015.
\nLa pr\u00e9sence du pathog\u00e8ne a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e en \u00e9talant le mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal sur diff\u00e9rents supports suivi d\u2019une identification morphologique. P. ramorum a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9 sur 65 \u00e9chantillons sur 1283, pour tous les \u00e9chantillons regroup\u00e9s, et au cours de 17 mois sur les 20 mois \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9s. Seulement 3 \u00e9chantillons sur 295 \u00e9chantillons de sols \u00e9taient positifs.
\nCes 3 \u00e9chantillons venaient tous d\u2019une zone constamment engorg\u00e9e. Les \u00e9chantillons les \u00ab plus positifs \u00bb provenaient d\u2019une parcelle de m\u00e9l\u00e8zes porteurs des sympt\u00f4mes mais qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 blanc, la d\u00e9couverte a en effet eu lieu pendant l\u2019\u00e9tude de 2 ans. Les \u00e9chantillons des parcelles dans lesquelles les m\u00e9l\u00e8zes malades ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits \u00e9taient rarement positifs, indiquant un certain niveau de succ\u00e8s des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9radication dans la r\u00e9duction du niveau de virulence de ce pathog\u00e8ne.
\nR. O’Hanlon \u00a0J. Choiseul \u00a0J. M. Brennan \u00a0H. Grogan (2017). Assessment of the eradication measures applied to Phytophthora ramorum in Irish Larix kaempferi forests. Forest Pathology. DOI : 10.1111\/efp.12389.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Phytophthora ramorum est l\u2019agent responsable de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie mortelle qui touche les m\u00e9l\u00e8zes du Japon en Irlande et au Royaume-Uni. En Europe, la d\u00e9tection de ce pathog\u00e8ne en p\u00e9pini\u00e8re ou en for\u00eat entra\u00eene des mesures de mises sous quarantaine et de destruction. Les mesures d\u2019\u00e9radication en for\u00eat\u00a0incluent la mise \u00e0 blanc de tous les h\u00f4tes potentiels […]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[50],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMalaise, le m\u00e9l\u00e8ze du Japon attaqu\u00e9 ! 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