{"id":34283,"date":"2021-09-10T11:45:15","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/resume-foret-mail\/comprendre-la-forme-des-arbres\/"},"modified":"2021-09-10T11:45:15","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:45:15","slug":"comprendre-la-forme-des-arbres","status":"publish","type":"resume-foret-mail","link":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/resume-foret-mail\/comprendre-la-forme-des-arbres\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre la forme des arbres"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire de plusieurs institutions de recherche en France (Centrale Marseille, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS et Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9) a mis au point un mod\u00e8le original simulant l&rsquo;\u00e9volution d&rsquo;une for\u00eat pendant plus de 200 000 ans. Ils ont ensuite utilis\u00e9 ce mod\u00e8le pour tester une hypoth\u00e8se : \u00ab Et si les lois d\u00e9crivant la forme des arbres avaient pu \u00e9merger en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tition pour la lumi\u00e8re et aux dangers li\u00e9s au vent ? \u00bb<br \/>\nAinsi, le programme informatique, appel\u00e9 MechaTree, simule un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me : les arbres qui poussent dans cette for\u00eat virtuelle sont en comp\u00e9tition pour l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re, ajustent leur croissance en r\u00e9ponse au vent et sont soumis \u00e0 des temp\u00eates qui peuvent casser leurs branches. L&rsquo;action conjointe du vent et de la lumi\u00e8re peut ainsi expliquer comment la forme des arbres a \u00e9merg\u00e9, au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution.<br \/>\nLes r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s en octobre 2017 dans Nature Communications. Le mod\u00e8le d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 permet de pr\u00e9ciser les r\u00f4les jou\u00e9s par la lumi\u00e8re et le vent. Il appara\u00eet que la transparence du feuillage et la comp\u00e9tition pour la lumi\u00e8re sont les premiers d\u00e9terminants de la forme de l\u2019arbre. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, la r\u00e9ponse au vent contr\u00f4le l\u2019\u00e9volution du diam\u00e8tre des branches.<br \/>\nSelon les chercheurs, d\u2019autres facteurs ont pu jouer dans la s\u00e9lection naturelle, comme le transport hydraulique de s\u00e8ve. Cependant, c\u2019est avant tout le couple lumi\u00e8re-vent qui joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la forme des arbres. Cette d\u00e9couverte change la donne en \u00e9cologie foresti\u00e8re, mais elle change aussi nos repr\u00e9sentations de ce qu\u2019est un arbre et de ce qui a fait les arbres actuels.<br \/>\nCommuniqu\u00e9 de presse INRA. Comment la lumi\u00e8re et le vent mod\u00e8lent les arbres ? 18\/10\/17.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire de plusieurs institutions de recherche en France (Centrale Marseille, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS et Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9) a mis au point un mod\u00e8le original simulant l&rsquo;\u00e9volution d&rsquo;une for\u00eat pendant plus de 200 000 ans. Ils ont ensuite utilis\u00e9 ce mod\u00e8le pour tester une hypoth\u00e8se : \u00ab Et si les lois d\u00e9crivant la [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[50],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Comprendre la forme des arbres - For\u00eat.Nature<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/resume-foret-mail\/comprendre-la-forme-des-arbres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comprendre la forme des arbres - For\u00eat.Nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire de plusieurs institutions de recherche en France (Centrale Marseille, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS et Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9) a mis au point un mod\u00e8le original simulant l&rsquo;\u00e9volution d&rsquo;une for\u00eat pendant plus de 200 000 ans. 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