{"id":44459,"date":"2024-10-23T16:44:41","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T14:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/?post_type=article-foret-nature&#038;p=44459"},"modified":"2024-10-23T16:44:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T14:44:41","slug":"les-galles-des-vegetaux","status":"publish","type":"article-foret-nature","link":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/article-foret-nature\/les-galles-des-vegetaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Les galles des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les curieux ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 remarqu\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence anormale d\u2019excroissances v\u00e9g\u00e9tales de formes tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es. Ces bizarreries \u00ab architecturales \u00bb sont en fait des galles, ou c\u00e9cidies, tumeurs d\u00e9clench\u00e9es par le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un parasite. Les galles sont majoritairement pr\u00e9sentes chez les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux dits \u00ab sup\u00e9rieurs \u00bb, en particulier les angiospermes dont les c\u00e9cidies h\u00e9bergent surtout des arthropodes. Les esp\u00e8ces c\u00e9cidog\u00e8nes sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par 15 % d\u2019acariens et 74 % d\u2019insectes. On conna\u00eet actuellement 13 000 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019insectes g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de galles. Ces galles sont d\u2019une remarquable sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9. Chaque esp\u00e8ce parasite n\u2019\u00e9lira domicile que sur une plante bien pr\u00e9cise et uniquement sur une partie de celle-ci : racine, tige, bourgeon, fleur ou feuille, ce dernier choix \u00e9tant le plus fr\u00e9quent. C\u2019est le parasite, par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de son patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, qui est responsable de l\u2019anatomie et de la morphologie de la galle qui l\u2019h\u00e9berge. D\u2019o\u00f9 la tr\u00e8s grande diversit\u00e9 de formes des c\u00e9cidies et la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019identifier l\u2019habitant uniquement \u00e0 partir des caract\u00e9ristiques de sa galle. L\u2019initiation de la c\u00e9cidog\u00e9n\u00e8se n\u2019est pas toujours d\u00e9volue \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uf. Chez les tenthr\u00e8des, c\u2019est la femelle qui d\u00e9clenche la formation de la galle : \u00e0 l\u2019aide de sa tari\u00e8re dent\u00e9e, elle introduit son \u0153uf dans les tissus v\u00e9g\u00e9taux ainsi que des s\u00e9cr\u00e9tions de ses glandes accessoires qui vont activer la croissance v\u00e9g\u00e9tale. Souvent, la galle n\u2019est pas occup\u00e9e uniquement par l\u2019animal qui la cr\u00e9e. Dans une seule c\u00e9cidie de Biorhiza pallida, par exemple, on a d\u00e9nombr\u00e9 septante-cinq esp\u00e8ces diff\u00e9rentes en plus du propri\u00e9taire attitr\u00e9. Celui-ci pouvant appr\u00e9cier diff\u00e9remment leur pr\u00e9sence. En effet, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des commensaux, peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents, des pr\u00e9dateurs, des parasites, voire des hyperparasites.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les curieux ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 remarqu\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence anormale d\u2019excroissances v\u00e9g\u00e9tales de formes tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es. Ces bizarreries \u00ab architecturales \u00bb sont en fait des galles, ou c\u00e9cidies, tumeurs d\u00e9clench\u00e9es par le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un parasite. Les galles sont majoritairement pr\u00e9sentes chez les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux dits \u00ab sup\u00e9rieurs \u00bb, en particulier les angiospermes dont les c\u00e9cidies h\u00e9bergent surtout des [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[49],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les galles des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux - For\u00eat.Nature<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/article-foret-nature\/les-galles-des-vegetaux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les galles des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux - For\u00eat.Nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les curieux ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 remarqu\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence anormale d\u2019excroissances v\u00e9g\u00e9tales de formes tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es. Ces bizarreries \u00ab architecturales \u00bb sont en fait des galles, ou c\u00e9cidies, tumeurs d\u00e9clench\u00e9es par le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un parasite. 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