{"id":44192,"date":"2024-10-23T16:41:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T14:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/?post_type=article-foret-nature&#038;p=44192"},"modified":"2024-10-23T16:41:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T14:41:04","slug":"resistance-et-resilience-des-peuplements-melanges-vis-a-vis-des-stress-abiotiques","status":"publish","type":"article-foret-nature","link":"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/article-foret-nature\/resistance-et-resilience-des-peuplements-melanges-vis-a-vis-des-stress-abiotiques\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9sistance et r\u00e9silience des peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis des stress [a]biotiques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Des ravageurs animaux, des pathog\u00e8nes, des mauvaises herbes, le feu, la s\u00e9cheresse, la neige ou encore le vent menacent les for\u00eats et causent d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. Dans quelle mesure la diversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re agit-elle sur les facteurs de stress ? Une plus grande diversit\u00e9 induit-elle d\u2019office plus de stabilit\u00e9 ? En ce qui concerne les insectes, il appara\u00eet que la diversit\u00e9 r\u00e9duit l\u2019impact des esp\u00e8ces monophages, tandis que les polyphages ont une r\u00e9ponse moins tranch\u00e9e. Pour les maladies, le m\u00e9lange d\u2019essences semble rendre les for\u00eats moins sensibles aux champignons pathog\u00e8nes. Enfin, les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts de vent dans les peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s d\u00e9rivent essentiellement de la stabilit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que (telle qu\u2019observ\u00e9e dans des peuplements purs) des essences concern\u00e9es, et de leurs proportions relatives. Globalement, on n\u2019observe cependant pas de lien clair entre m\u00e9lange d\u2019essences et r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 des vents violents. Plus particuli\u00e8rement, la r\u00e9sistance ou la r\u00e9silience des peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis des insectes herbivores sont soumis \u00e0 trois m\u00e9canismes : les peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s permettent une moindre accessibilit\u00e9 des arbres-h\u00f4tes. Ils pr\u00e9sentent des barri\u00e8res quantitatives (les h\u00f4tes sont dilu\u00e9s parmi les esp\u00e8ces non-h\u00f4tes et il y a de moindres quantit\u00e9s absolues d\u2019h\u00f4tes dans les peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s), des barri\u00e8res physiques (les h\u00f4tes sont physiquement cach\u00e9s parmi les non-h\u00f4tes) et des barri\u00e8res chimiques (masquage des h\u00f4tes par des m\u00e9diateurs chimiques produits par d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces) ; les peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s offrent des conditions plus favorables aux ennemis naturels : ils offrent des h\u00f4tes ou des proies alternatives, des abris et des sources de nourriture pour les parasitoides adultes (bien que des peuplements purs puissent \u00e9galement procurer ce type de ressources) ; par contre, les peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s favorisent les ravageurs polyphages en leur offrant la possibilit\u00e9 de changer d\u2019h\u00f4te. Ils offrent aussi tous les autres requis pour les esp\u00e8ces qui doivent changer d\u2019h\u00f4tes au cours de leur cycle annuel.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des ravageurs animaux, des pathog\u00e8nes, des mauvaises herbes, le feu, la s\u00e9cheresse, la neige ou encore le vent menacent les for\u00eats et causent d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. Dans quelle mesure la diversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re agit-elle sur les facteurs de stress ? Une plus grande diversit\u00e9 induit-elle d\u2019office plus de stabilit\u00e9 ? En ce qui concerne les insectes, il [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[49],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>R\u00e9sistance et r\u00e9silience des peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis des stress [a]biotiques - For\u00eat.Nature<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foretnature.be\/en\/article-foret-nature\/resistance-et-resilience-des-peuplements-melanges-vis-a-vis-des-stress-abiotiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9sistance et r\u00e9silience des peuplements m\u00e9lang\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis des stress [a]biotiques - For\u00eat.Nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Des ravageurs animaux, des pathog\u00e8nes, des mauvaises herbes, le feu, la s\u00e9cheresse, la neige ou encore le vent menacent les for\u00eats et causent d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. 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